Discuss the Importance of Ethics in Business in Light of...

The 2008 global financial crisis has affected today’s economy severely based on the collapses on issues such as immoral practices, governance, regulations, enterprise ethics. Factors to consider with the collapse that lead to the financial crisis is the dangerous outcomes that financial companies were not foreseen in advanced of borrowing mortgages for the companies. The change of ethics through enterprises demonstrate how business approaches to ethics over the past years where ethics is seen in different perspectives. Lessons are learnt from financial failures in the lack of awareness in ethical performances to businesses. The recent global financial crisis has recently existed with a lack of awareness on business ethics policies where†¦show more content†¦The shortage of attendance to business ethics has a big impact to the financial crisis where honesty in ethics plays a major role. Regulators are considered to have good purposes to financial organisations but contain destroying results which is the boom of debts where honestly cannot be found in ethical ways for businesses (Huw 2010). The guidance of teaching more on ethical practices is being greatly regulated by the financial associations that will learn their honesty which will avoid such shortages of unawareness of honest ethical practices. In general ethical practices regulated to the finance industry need to be existing to avoid future problems of financial breakage. The changes of ethical conduct in sustainable enterprises shows how today’s society in business performs different points of views on ethics. To expand ethical enterprises it is very important to be aware of what is morally and immorally correct in different cultures which has an impact on the changes of enterprises over the past thirty years (Potocan Mulej 2007). The concept of culture in ethical approaches relates to circumstances like Enron and Royal Ahold where a one perspective approach to enterprises was applied. To improve the situation Enron and Ahold should be a lesson learnt for future expansion of ethical practices in relation to perspectives of enterprises. Thus the change of sustainable enterprises can be seen through cases such as Enron and Ahold and howShow MoreRelatedCompetition Law- Effective Tool for Good Corporate Governance in India13353 Words   |  54 PagesCOMPETITION LAW EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA Submitted to Prof. I. Sridhar Legal Aspects of Business IIM Indore By Vinod Kumar 2012FPM20 Section F IIM INDORE TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. A. Introduction 1. Introduction...............................................................................................3 B. Analysis 2. Analysis of property rights in the case of tangibles................................4 3. Common features of Intellectual property

Graffiti Art or Vandalism - 2306 Words

What do people think of when they see graffiti? Is it art, vandalism, or could it be both. Graffiti is a relatively new and developing art form that presents a lot of controversy due to its involvement of illegality. A lot of people see graffiti and instantly label it as vandalism and not an art form; however, by legal definition that’s not always the case. According to Oxford Dictionaries, art is defined as â€Å"The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination†¦producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.† Therefore, graffiti is and should be recognized and appreciated as an art form and accepted by the art community. Graffiti includes any images or letterings painted, scratched, or†¦show more content†¦The art of graffiti writing is a creative method of communicating with other graffitists and the public. They use it to express their identity, ideas, creativity, and feelings. Graffitists value thi s type of communication because of its links to people regardless of lingual, cultural, and racial differences in a way that nothing else can. Some graffitists do and view their art as a statement against political and economic order. Some see themselves as revolutionaries rebelling against the established art market or gallery system that only includes art that curators and art historians deem valuable. Some graffitists view their work as a statement against Western ideas of capitalism. Whatever the reasons are, they do their work with a purpose, with imagination, and creative skill to express emotion, which is what Oxford Dictionary deems as art. In addition, graffiti art is not a spontaneous act like tagging in the form of fancy scribble. The completion of an art piece involves a great deal of imagination, planning, and effort. While most graffitists remain anonymous under their â€Å"tag name†, there are certain people always mentioned and linked with graffiti. Some of t hese recognized graffiti artists include Keith Haring, Jean Michel Basquiat, Banksy, Shepard Fairey, and sometimes even the notorious Andy Warhol. Not all graffitists are rebellious criminals. Keith Haring, 123Klan, and Saber are some of the few graffitists who have usedShow MoreRelatedIs Graffiti Art Or Vandalism? Essay1832 Words   |  8 PagesStorm Shepherd Professor Beerline Com 1110 Date Is Graffiti Art or Vandalism? Graffiti has put a major impact on the way people look at their everyday life. It was not used so much here in the United States but was used overseas. Overseas, graffiti, or street art, was used or played as a sport, just like baseball is Americas sport. There are different laws that are put over there than what there are here. They can get away with some of the things that they paint or make over there. If we tried someRead MoreGraffiti Is Art Not Vandalism996 Words   |  4 Pages Graffiti Is Art Not Vandalism Graffiti can be found everywhere and anywhere. It is a way for people to express themselves and be creative in a public manner. It shows how passionate and talented they can be when it comes to drawing or tagging and have it displayed as a piece of art for everyone to see. Graffiti goes way back to the ancient times and is now very well known in the modern days which makes more and more people interested and fascinated by them. It can be used in different typesRead MoreGraffiti Is Vandalism Or Art?1035 Words   |  5 Pagesinternet and in a dictionary for the definition of art but in all reality, art is defined as something you see as art. To me, anything can be art. From building a sculpture or building, to even being an athlete. Being an athlete can be art because the person performs in his own way that is created by them. They have to create a form and a style to compete at the best of their abilities. There are many different types of art but when someone hears art, the first t hing that comes to mind is a paintingRead MoreGraffiti: Vandalism or Art623 Words   |  2 PagesIn this discursive essay i will be showing the points for and against graffiti and whether it is considered vandalism or art. Some of the major points around this is does it matter where the graffiti is drawn or who by or is it as simple as its on a public building and no matter how artistic it looks its vandalism. Points for Graffiti being and art. There and many views on whether graffiti should be considers art. Graffiti can be acceptable in the modern day with over eighty percent of teenagersRead MoreGraffiti: Art or Vandalism Essay1911 Words   |  8 PagesGraffiti: Art or Vandalism? Sam Cowey Graffiti has been around for more than half a decade and practiced worldwide. However there is debate between whether it is a form of art or vandalism. Graffiti artists’ debate that many do not understand the reason most graffiti artist take the risk of incarceration, fines, injuries, and in some cases death to paint a wall. A graffiti artist can have the simple desire to become recognized, or to create a piece that speaks to their audience as a form ofRead MoreEssay Graffiti: Art or Vandalism?1139 Words   |  5 PagesArt: the ultimate form of self expression. But, what constitutes an art? And, who decides? These very questions plague society as it tries to decide and define the official status of graffiti--art or vandalism? Because it has found its way into art galleries and because of the community of artists who challenge and inspire each other, graffiti should be considered art and as a way to express oneself. The origin and history of graffiti is not what one might expect. Believed to have been created byRead MoreArt or Vandalism? : The acceptance of graffiti as an art form2514 Words   |  11 Pagesbelieve that Graffiti is most certainly a valid art form. The question as to whether any forms of graffiti can be considered art is a controversial area. Is it vandalism when it is placed on the side of a building or a car and art when it is on a canvas on someones wall or in a gallery- what is the difference? Graffiti, in its more complex forms, can be considered art because it clearly contains artistic elements, it communicates the artists expression to the viewer, and the traditional art communityRead MoreGraffiti: Art or Vandalism Essay examples1453 Words   |  6 Pagesis recognized as art and vandalism. The individual is often faced with uncertainty when the topic of graffiti arises. The public often portray graffiti as a destructive act towards his or her surroundings however; graffi ti can also be considered a form of self-expression. Many questions can be made pertaining to the graffiti movement, but the main question is graffiti a crime or an art? The answers lie in the complex phrase of â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. Graffiti portrays contemporaryRead MoreGraffiti Vandalism Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesIs graffiti vandalism or art? Many people say that graffiti is art, while others disagree saying its vandalism. In my opinion, graffiti is art. This type of art can be understood in different ways and can be considered as vandalism. It really all depends on what the picture expresses to you and what you see. But everyone has their own opinions and everyone sees everything differently. While many of these artists who are extremely talented and spend most of their time on their pieces, our societyRead MoreGraffiti Is A Form Of Art1019 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 2016 Graffiti is Art Graffiti is a form of art well known in the street art. There are many forms of arts like drawing, painting, sculpture, or graffiti. Graffiti is an art used for the community to send messages as well as representing for community identity and pride through Graffiti artwork. In the book â€Å"Read Write Connect† by Kathleen Green Amy Lawler, chapter 22 Public Art talks about what graffiti art, vandalism art is, the differences between graffiti artwork and vandalism, and the

How to Sleep Well Essay Free Essays

In order to kip good we should follow three grounds. First of all. don’t eat or imbibe a batch before bedtime. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Sleep Well Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you drink excessively much liquid before kiping. you’ll wake up repeatedly in the dark for trips to the bathroom or cause you to wake up repeatedly. Don’t eat spicy or fatty nutrients because they cause pyrosis particularly. don’t eat something that triggers 5-hydroxytryptamine. which makes you sleepy. Second. make and don’t exercising when you have free clip. For illustration. if you have a sedentary occupation. a deficiency of physical effort may be cut downing the quality of your slumber. A twenty-four hours of physical effort ( such as taking a tally or a swim ) or. better yet. regular exercising can do for deeper and more reposeful slumber. The best clip to exercising is in the afternoon. Third. Change your kiping place. You may believe that it’s impossible to command what place you sleep in since you aren’t to the full cognizant of what you are making. but it can do a considerable difference. When you go to kip. or if you wake up in the center of the dark. do a witting attempt to follow these guidelines until it becomes accustomed. Keep your organic structure in a â€Å"mid-line† place. where both your caput and cervix are kept approximately consecutive. Don’t use a level pillow that causes your caput to lean down toward the mattress. It’s hard to keep the mid-line place. and it is more likely to do strivings. This will assist relieve emphasis on your dorsum and cervix by somewhat shore uping up your organic structure on one side. To sum up. seek one or two or a combination until you have adequate quality sleep to experience watchful and good rested. How to cite How to Sleep Well Essay, Essay examples

Entrepreneurial Law free essay sample

One way to do this is to form study groups. The addresses of students in your area may be obtained from the following department: Directorate: Student Administration and Registration PO Box 392 UNISA 0003 If you need a list of the names of fellow students in your region, please contact the Unisa Student Support Centre at the numbers listed in your myStudies @ Unisa brochure. You can also find information on the various student support systems and services available at Unisa (e. g. student counselling, tutorial classes, language support) in this brochure. Please note: myUnisa is not online tuition for individual students, but meant for interaction between students and lecturers on tuition matters. Students can use discussion forums on myUnisa to communicate with other students and in the process obtain information and even solve tuition-related problems. Lecturers will monitor student communication and react on these from time to time. Lectures may participate in forum discussions, make announcements and put information on myUnisa or have discussion forums on certain days and times when so arranged with students. We will write a custom essay sample on Entrepreneurial Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Students who want individual tuition support must contact their lecturers by telephone, email or post mail. As a registered student for this module, it is advisable that you try to access myUnisa and the course site at least several times a month during the course. We follow a blended learning approach in this course. This means that you will receive study guides, as well as other paper-based resources and an online component in myUnisa where you can participate in discussion forums and access some additional online resources. Your online participation in this course is voluntary. Students who cannot participate will not be at a disadvantage or be penalised in any way. Purpose of online discussion forums in this module The discussion forum provides you with opportunities where you can: discuss and clarify critical issues in the subject area share experiences and ideas with peers and lecturers solve problems collaboratively debate topical issues raise critical questions about the topic under discussion introduce the most recent developments in the subject area receive immediate feedback on assignments have access to additional resources for this course have access to additional links related to other topics in this subject.

The Day You See Me Old free essay sample

After I read this letter in a nice book, there are so many pictures appear in my brain. The title of the letter is the day you see me old. It said Dear son, the day that you see me old and I am already not, have patience and try to understand me. If I get dirty when eating, if I cant dress, have patience. Remember the hours I spent teaching it to you. If, when I speak to you, I repeat the same things thousand and one times, dont interrupt me, listen to me.When you were small, I had to read to you housing and one times the same story until you got to sleep. When I dont want to have a shower, neither shame me nor scold me. Remember when I had to chase you with thousands of excuses I invented, in order that you wanted to bath. We will write a custom essay sample on The Day You See Me Old or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you see my ignorance on new technologies, give me the necessary time and dont look at me with you mocking smile. I taught you how to do so many things, to eat good, to dress well, to confront life And when someday I say to you that I dont want to live anymore and that I want to die, dont get angry.Some day you will understand. Try to understand that my age Is not lived but survived. Some day you will discover that, despite my mistakes, I always wanted the best thing for you and that I tried to prepare the way for you. You must not feel sad, angry or impotent for seeing me near you. You must be next to me, try to understand me and to help me as I did it when you started living. Help me to walk, help me to end my way with love and patience. I will pay you by a smile and by the Immense love I have always for you.

GCSE maths coursework Essays

GCSE maths coursework Essays GCSE maths coursework Essay GCSE maths coursework Essay For this piece of GCSE maths coursework I have been asked to investigate the relationship between the total of a three-step stair on a number grid and its position on the grid. The stair will be on a 1010 number grid like this:919293949596979899100818283848586878889907172737475767778798061626364656667686970515253545556575859604142434445464748495031323334353637383940212223242526272829301112131415161718192012345678910I would need to find the total for stairs on the grid. For example the one shaded in red:45+35+25+36+26+27=194I would then tabulate this result and move the stair one square to the right so then I would get.46+36+26+37+27+28=200I would then continue moving it to the right until I am unable to anymore.Part 1:I will start of in the bottom left hand corner and work myself to the right of the grid.Position 1211112123The total for this stair is:21+11+1+12+2+3=50Position 2221213234The total for this stair is:22+12+2+13+3+4=56Position 3231314345The total f or this stair is:23+13+3+14+4+5=62I will now tabulate these results and others.Position Number (Lowest number in grid)12345678Total5056626874808692From looking at my results I can see that when I move the stair shape left by 1 column the total increases by 6 each time. I am going to try to find a formula to explain the relationship between the position and the total. For the rest of my investigation when I refer to n it will be the lowest number in the stair (The number in the bottom left hand corner). If you look at:25+26+27+35+36+45=194You can get the following formula:n+(n+1)+(n+2)+(n+10)+(n+11)+(n+20)=194Which if you simplify gives you a general formula of:6n+44=TotalI can prove this formula works by looking at my table once more. And adding some more to itPosition Number (Lowest number in grid)12345678Total5056626874808692DifferenceBetween Totals66666666As I mentioned above the difference between each stair total is 6. This shows that 6n is somewhere in the formula. I will now see what relation 6n has to the stair totals.6n612182430364248Total5056626874808692The value for 6n and the stair total are different. The total is larger which means the formula must be 6n+?. I will see what the difference between the total and 6n is to get the value of ?:Difference4444444444444444You have to add 44 to 6n to get the total of the stair. So now you can see the formula for the three-step stair is 6n+44 like I stated above.This formula should work for obvious reasons. If you look at position 1 the biggest number is 21 and the smallest 1, meaning there is a difference of 20 between them. This will be the same anywhere on the grid. In the stair below there is a difference of 20 between 94 and 74. This relationship between the numbers remains the same anywhere on the grid and that is why my formula works anywhere.I will now test to see if my formula, 6n+44, does work.948485747576The total for this stair is:74+75+76+84+85+94=488For this stair shape n=74. I will now substit ute numbers into my formula 6n+44.=(674)+44=444+48=488As you can see the answer gained from my equation is the right stair total for the stair given. I will now test for another stair to prove my formula does work54+55+56+64+65+74=368n=54=(546)=44=324+44=368I have now found and proven a general formula for a three-step stair on a 1010 grid. I will now extend my investigation further.Part 2:I will now extend my investigation by posing this question.Will my formula, 6n+44, work on different sized stair shapes on the 1010 grid? If not can a formula be deduced to find out the total for any size stair on a 1010 grid.Since I already have results for three-step stairs I will begin my investigation with a four-step stair. A four-step stair on the grid will look like this919293949596979899100818283848586878889907172737475767778798061626364656667686970515253545556575859604142434445464748495031323334353637383940212223242526272829301112131415161718192012345678910Position 1The total for this sta ir is:1+2+3+4+11+12+13+21+22+31=120Position 2The total for this stair is:2+3+4+5+12+13+14+22+23+32=130Position 3The total for this stair is:3+4+5+6+13+14+15+23+24+33=140Position 4The total for this stair is:4+5+6+7+14+15+16+24+25+34=150I will now tabulate these results and those for other 4 step stairs.Position Number1234567StairTotal120130140150160170180I will see whether 6n+44 will work to find the stair total for 4 steps. I will use position 1 as an example.n=1=6n+44=(61)+44=6+44=50As you can see the formula does not apply to four step stairs. Now I will try to find a formula that does apply to four steps.Since this time there is a difference of 10 between the totals I now times n by 10 in my equation. I will see what 10n looks like compared to the totals.10n10203040506070StairTotal120130140150160170180Difference110110110110110110110The same way as with the three steps 10n does not equal the total it is larger. The difference is 110 so the formula for four step stairs is 10n+110. I will now test my new formula.61+62+63+64+71+72+73+81+82+91=720n=61=10n+110=(1061)+110=720You can now see that my formula for the four step stairs is correct. I will now try five step stairs.Position 1The total for this stair is:1+2+3+4+5+11+12+13+14+21+22+23+31+32+41=235Position 2The total for this stair is:2+3+4+5+6+12+13+14+15+22+23+24+32+33+42=250Position 3The total for this stair is:3+4+5+6+7+13+14+15+16+23+24+25+33+34+43=265Position 4The total for this stair:4+5+6+7+8+14+15+16+17+24+25+26+34+35+44=280Position 5The total for this stair:5+6+7+8+9+15+16+17+18+25+26+27+35+36+45=295Position 6The total for this stair:6+7+8+9+10+16+17+18+19+26+27+28+36+37+46=310Position Number123456StairTotal235250265280295310For five step stairs I believe that I will have to work out a new formula. Since the totals increase by 15 each time in my equation I will have to 15n.When comparing 15n to the totals I find:15n153045607590StairTotal235250265280295310Difference220220220220220220I have to add a number to 15n to get the stair total. From my table you can see that this number is 220.The formula to find the total of any five-step stair o a 1010 grid is:15n+220I will test my formula.n=5555+56+57+58+59+65+66+67+68+75+76+77+85+86+95=1045=15n+220=(1555)+220=825+220=1045So my formula for five-step stairs does work as shown above.I will now try to find a general formula to find any size step on a 1010 grid. To try and find a pattern I will keep n the same, n=1, and change the stair size.For now in all stairs n=1One step stairThe total is1+0=1Two step stairThe total is:1+2+11=14Three step stairThe total for this stair is:1+2+3+11+12+21=50Four step stairThe total for this stair is:1+2+3+4+11+12+13+21+22+31=120Five step stairThe total for this stair is:1+2+3+4+5+11+12+13+14+21+22+23+31+32+41=235Six step stairThe total for this stair is:1+2+3+4+5+6+11+12+13+14+15+21+22+23+24+31+32+33+41+42+51=406Seven step stairThe total for this stair is:1+2+3+4+5+6+7+11+12+13+14+15+16+21+22+23+24+25 +31+32+33+34+41+42+43+51+52+61=644I will now try to find a pattern with my results.n1111111Height of Stair1234567Total114501202354066441st Difference1336701151712382nd Difference23344556673rd Difference11111111From looking at this table I am able to recognize a new idea, that in the final formula the number of 11 and heightà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½.I will make a new table to try and find out more.(h=height of the square)n1111111Height of Stair1234567+11h31188297704137523763773-11h-11-22-33-44-55-66-77Total066264660132023103696h3182764125216343Stair Total11450120235406644As you can see no pattern is obvious from this table.When I was looking at the formula, 6n+44 I noticed that when you multiply it by 2 the n value is a multiple of the height of the stair. I decided to check if this was the same for the other formulas.h345Formula6n+4410n+11015n+220hx2122030hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½91625The relationship is the same and I put in hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to see if there was a pattern. From the table you can see that the t hird row equals hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+h. This could not be used in a formula because it twice as large so to use it in my general formula it would have to be:n(hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+h)2This is the first part of my general formula but it is not complete and I need a second half.From looking at the differences in stair total and the totals from 11hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-11h I believe I have found the second part of my equation. When looking at the total of 11hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-11h when h=2 I saw it equaled 66. The formula for a two-step square is 3n+11. 66/11=6. I wondered if dividing 11hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-11h by six on other heights would work, To check I made a table:n1111111Height of Stair1234567+11h31188297704137523763773-11h-11-22-33-44-55-66-77Total066264660132023103696Divide by 601144110220Total1n+02n+116n+4410n+11015+220So every time when 11hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-11h is divided by 6 it gives the right number in the second part of each formula. So I now have a complete general formula to find out any sized stair anywhere o n a 1010 number grid. The formula is:n+(hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+h) + (11hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-11h)2 6However I will need to test this formula:T: Total of the stairn: Stair number (the number in the bottom left had corner of the stair)h: The height of the stairn=72 Three Step Stair:T=72+73+74+82+83+92=476T=n((hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+h)/2)+(11hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-11h)/6T=72((3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+3)/2)+(113à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-113)/6T=72((12)/2)+(264)/6T=72(6)+44T=432+44T=476For this one the answer is correct now I will try another sized stairn=55 Five Step Stair:T=55+56+57+58+59+65+66+67+68+75+76+77+85+86+95=1045T=n((hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+h)/2)+(11hà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-11h)/6T=55((5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+5)/2)+(115à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-115)/6T=55((30)/2)+(1320)/6T=55(15)+220T=825+220T=1045Now since I have tested it twice I am sure that my formula is correct and will work for any size stair anywhere on in the 1010 grid. Now looking back I see what else I could have done to improve my investigation. Instead of changing stair height I could have instead changed the width of the grid or the height. I could also have changed the width and length simultaneously i.e. 55, 66, 77.

Financial Statements CW Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Statements CW Report - Coursework Example Burke plc is a renowned name in the mid-priced dining restaurant industry. The company, since its inception, has flourished by leaps and bounds and has been able to establish a chain of restaurants operating in various towns all across the UK. The company had been enjoying strengthen financial outlook in the prior years, but due to the increased competition and repercussions of the recession, the management is of the view that the company requires substantial funds in order to reform its operational strategy and further increase its market share. The management plans to refurbish few old restaurants in order to attract new customers and restore its profitability. With the availability of funds, Burke plc would also be able to manage its working capital requirement in the most appropriate manner. The company can hire new workforce, acquire state of the art machine and open up new restaurants in order to enhance its market share in the industry. The closest competitor of the company is Hare plc which also holds a substantial market share of the industry. In order to acquire competitive advantage, Burke plc can utilize the funds in countering the forces of competition which are the bargaining power of customer and supplier, threats of new entrants and substitute and the rivalry among the companies. With the sanctioned loan, the company can implement and align Information Systems into its overall corporate strategy, which is likely to give an edge over the other players in the market. In addition, product and service differentiation can also be created when a company has substantial pool of funds available. Promotion is considered to be the corner stone in the marketing mix of any organization, and it is an established fact that a company always requires a substantial amount of capital in order to finance the promotional activities. Company Analysis Ratio analysis is a very accurate and reliable tool when it comes to analyzing the financial outlook of an entity. Th e primary reason to conduct a ratio analysis is to quantify the results of the operations of a company and compare them with that of the prior year(s) in order to assess different aspects of the financial feasibility. The ratios can be divided into various categories such as profitability, gearing and liquidity, each focusing on a different area of the financial outlook of the organization and highlighting the company’s performance. These analyses form an integral part of the financial statement analysis, especially from the investors point of view, who always strive to invest in companies having strengthen and stabilizing financial ratios and representing an upward trend. It is of great significance that the ratios must be benchmarked against a standard in order for them to possess a meaning. Keeping that into account, the comparison is usually conducted between companies portraying same business and financial risks, between industries and between different time periods of t he same company. The analysis is divided into three main categorize namely Profitability, Liquidity and Gearing. Profitability ratios identify how efficiently and effectively a company is utilizing its resources and how successful it has been in generating a desired rate of return for its shareholders and investors. Liquidity

Cost Management and Activity-Based Costing Essay

Cost Management and Activity-Based Costing - Essay Example This case is built upon the cutting most of the things and leaving only those which are absolutely necessary for the company like firing of both secretaries, the firing of one secretary, one social worker for Community Mental Health Services and one Social Worker for Outpatient mental health treatment, cutting in half the purchased services of security and consultation and the replacement of an assistant on lower pay rate. Reducing budgets are a very difficult job for the administration. Whosever share gets cut, that person becomes unhappy which may lead to future disagreements or problems. For this reason the management has to sort out the budget cuts from appropriate angles and has to deal with the problems straight on. The budgets cuts that can be reduced in this budget are prioritized below one by one. As mentioned before, budgets must be properly handled when there is a need to reduce them or great problems can occur. The first step to reduce the budget is to review the program and management achievements and fiscal performance over the year. This includes reviewing the objectives achieved, comparing budget to actual figures, and looking at the number of people served in each program. Based on this review, new goals and objectives should be discussed and agreed upon in a preliminary way. These goals must be realistic in nature sticking to the fact that the budget will be reduced and the targets would be harder to achieve. To reduce expenses, it is helpful to determine what each program would cost at different service levels. A fixed percent cut across all expense lines is often not the most effective way to reduce expenses. For instance, do not assume that benefits and costs move together, with each additional dollar spent resulting in an additional dollar of results. The costs to reduce must be properly analyzed first and then the reduction must be implemented. The estimate of the costs required in achieving the objectives,

Assessing the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh Essay

Assessing the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world - Essay Example The average water usage in the US is highest while Mozambique records the lowest water consumption per day. The goal has been the provision of secure and equitable access for all people and to ensure that water infrastructure and service delivery in standardized especially for the poor people (Conca, 2006, p, 164). These objectives are yet to be achieved because of population growth. Currently, provision of adequate water for the developing countries is a problem leading to the outbreak of water related diseases. The contaminants associated with water quality have diverse health effects as such it is not easy to make conclusive health based assessment of the situation. The problem may be severe like food poisoning or mild like dental fluorosis. (Gary, 1994, p. 39). The volume of water accessible by the population in the developing countries is significantly lower compared to that of developed country. In some cases, it is less than a third of the consumption of the developed countrie s. The volume of water consumed by Americans is 600 litres per day; Europeans consume 250 litres while Africans consume 30 litres. The volume of fresh water calculated from fresh water sources is approximated at 125 045km3. Despite the volume of fresh water, available supply of the fresh water to the population is not sufficient enough to meet their demand. Fresh water bodies Currently many of fresh water of lakes are facing degradation and volume reduction as a result of the global climate change. Many African nations cannot provide for the population safe water for domestic use. Piped water for the poor is still a dream, and at times, conflict arises as a result of water accessibility. In the sub-Saharan Africa, nomadic and pastoral communities fight over water sources leading to death and destruction of properties (De Villiers, 1999, p.105). The government of the country cannot supply the inhabitants with clean water, and infrastructure to those areas is poor. Flooding has two ef fects, which are, by the time of occurrence or duration. On health floods have two effects namely direct and indirect effects. Direct effects include changes in stream flow velocity which may carry boulders fallen trees resulting in drowning, injuries and contact with respiratory water borne diseases such as hypothermia and cardiac arrest(Galloway, 2009, p.179). Contact with polluted water will result in disease outbreak such as typhoid, cholera, and dysentery. In the Sub Saharan Africa, there are no fresh water bodies because the underground limning is salty leading to dissolving of the salt. The water source, therefore, cannot be used effectively without desalination Desalination Desalination is the most appropriate method of collecting fresh water in the arid areas, but has one main challenge namely the cost of the operation. Desalination can be used to change the water quality because; it involves the use of technology to obtain fresh water from the salt water offered by the und erground sources in the arid areas(Green, 2003 p. 34). Some of the best technology that could be used in the process includes the use of reverse osmosis and the use of other chemicals in extraction of the salts. Reverse osmosis uses membrane technology, which allows water molecules to sip through while blocking salt ions. There are other filters like he porcelain filters that can also be employed with ease. Some of

Mergers And Acquisitions Current Industry Scenario Management Essay

Mergers And Acquisitions Current Industry Scenario Management Essay The previous chapter had given us an insight of the research that would be conducted providing an introduction to it. A brief discussion was done by the researcher regarding the research and the possible outcomes of the research. In this chapter we would be discussing the relevant literature that would be used by the researcher to conduct this study. It would also give us few insights about the real world scenarios with regard to Mergers and Acquisitions. The key factors that would give success in case of a Merger/Acquisition are discussed. Finally, this chapter concludes with a summary of the key points made throughout the chapter. To reiterate the research title is; What are the repercussions of mergers and acquisitions: do they offer competitive advantage; is the advantage sustainable? A review on GE from 2005 to 2010. The Aim of this research is to critically evaluate the consequences of mergers and acquisitions on the extent to which it can prove to be beneficial for an organization and how well can an organization get accustomed to the competitive advantages from mergers and acquisitions? based on a review of General Electronics from 2005-2010. In meeting this aim, the following Objectives were set: To critically observe the methods and procedures followed by organizations for mergers or acquisition to happen To critically examine if the motivating methods employed by General Electric Company help to yield more output in a merger and acquisition, 2005 to 2010 To assess the scope, these mergers and acquisitions contributed towards increasing both the top line and bottom line growth in General Electric Company, 2005 to 2010 To critically observe the methods and strategies that General Electric Company followed to sustain their growth and development obtained from the merger or acquisition, 2005 to 2010 To identify the areas of integration in an organization that most need improvement and to resolve the problems Mergers Acquisitions Current Industry Scenario: The current industry scenario as far as Mergers Acquisitions (MA) are concerned is more of an act of showing power by the company pushing for the merger or takeover. No one is happy as far as a merger or an acquisition is concerned other than the company which is taking over. A MA normally leads to various staff issues, the culture of an organization goes through a complete change and this change becomes hard to be accepted by the existing staff members of the company which is being taken over. We have seen many scenarios wherein the staffs of the company being taken over have had to either undergo a huge change or leave the organization itself. But, the scenario is always not the same; there have been instances wherein the company taking over have come forward to help the existing staff members in the old organization to blend in the new system which they are not used to. Many companies have made it to the top of their respective industry because of such MAs. In the instance of the most recent takeover of Cadbury by Kraft Foods, both the companies have been known for their bitter rivalry in the industry. But at the end of all this rivalry the board of Cadburys agreed to bow down for 11.5 billion pounds in January 2011. The Chairman of Cadbury Mr.Roger Carr in an interview with BBC was quoted to say that the reason for which Cadbury agreed for the takeover was more in the financial interest of the company. This clearly shows that any kind of merger would just be done on the basis of the financial ability of the company to handle the pressure. Cadbury a company known for its best HR practices had to give away its culture and its practices to a company like Kraft foods which the moment they took over Cadburys, just started replacing the existing staffs with their own staff. This is the kind of attitude that saw many lose their jobs. There were many who were made to leave their jobs by showing the culture of an American company to the British workers. Cadbury was known to take care of its workers and when the takeover was completed it was just cleaned over by Kraft Foods just in the way they wanted. This is not only for Cadbury, this is normally what happens in any takeover and Kraft-Cadbury is just an example of what has been happening around. But, there have been few takeovers which might also result in the growth of the bond. The example for this can be the General Electric Company (GE) takeover of Lineage Power Holdings, Inc., from the Gores Group, LLC. This takeover which happened in March 2011 resulted in the growth of Lineage Power Holdings Inc., in the field of telecommunications and data communication. Though the company was taken over by GE the company still stuck to its culture and none of its staff have been asked to leave by GE. This showed GEs attitude towards its employees even if it meant that it was a company that they had taken over. This attitude of GE shows how a company should handle such acquisitions in a smooth manner without affecting the employees. Though the current scenario gives us a different picture about Mergers Acquisitions it is very important that companies do not take decisions based on the current scenario alone. That is where it becomes important for an organization to do ample research before proceeding for an Acquisition or a Merger. There are number of theories that suggest different kinds of approaches to be taken with regard to a MA. The reviews of the literature on these theories are discussed by the researcher further in this chapter. Mergers Acquisitions Classification: The classifications based on the transactions can be done as Horizontal, Vertical or Conglomerate (Gaughan, 2002, Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). As stated by Chunlai Chen and Findlay (2003), horizontal MA is where the target and the acquiring company are in the same industry. The example for such a merger was discussed earlier when the researcher spoke about Kraft Foods takeover of Cadbury. This is largely due to the fact that there has been substantial change in the technology and liberalization of industries. MA are said to be classified as vertical when there is a combination of firms which were already in a client supplier or a buyer seller relationship. The organizations that are involved in such transactions normally look at downsizing the costs in the value chain and eventually benefit the economics of scope (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). As stated by Gaughan (2002), a transaction that involves two companies which operate completely unrelated business is called Conglome rate. In addition to the above MA can also be classified as either Friendly or Hostile (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). A transaction is considered as Friendly if the target companys board agrees to the takeover amount and the MA is carried out. If the takeover happens with the target companys board just needing to surrender to the acquiring company just for the money, it is considered as Hostile. Chunlai Chen and Findlay (2003) also stated that the MA could be Domestic or Cross-Border for the companies that are involved. This is normally done in order to create a presence or to look at having better opportunities for success in the Industry. The classification of MA could then be summarized in the table below: Classification of merger acquisition transactions MA classification in terms of Value chain Relationship Economic area Horizontal MA Vertical MA Conglomerate MA Friendly MA Hostile MA Domestic MA Cross-border MA Taking into account the different classifications in terms of Value Chain, Relationship and Economic Scope the researcher would be considering the different MAs that have been executed by General Electric Company (GE) and look at the effect that such MAs have had upon the employees of the target organization. The researcher further looks at the various theories that would have been considered for different MAs executed by GE. Motives and the Theories behind Mergers Acquisitions: Exploring the motives of firms engaging in MA transactions has been placed with a significant amount of efforts by different authors. Earlier Trautwein (1990) and more recently Cox (2006) provided us with a more brief description of the motives by underlaying different theories (Please refer to Table 2.2: MA Motives). Trautwein(1990) noted that MA makers were more interested in the valuation (the deal yielding a higher Net Present Value) and synergy to justify the merger or acquisition. As expected it is quite clear that managers do not refer monopoly power in any of the benefits that the acquiring organization might be deriving out of the deal. Trautwein (1990) also states that the process and the raider theories have very little evidence on the motives implied by them both in the form of research or in practice. The disturbance theory is also discussed by him as being considered at the macro-economic level than the micro-economic level which is more related to the present research and hence the researcher has not considered the same. Interestingly, Gaughan (2002) gives a more realistic way of viewing the MA motives with numerous empirical case studies which has reference to the theories with more details. There are four main motives for a firm to execute MA according to him, they are: (1) Quick growth comes through M&A; (2) Economics of scope or scale may be gained through M&A; (3) Having a larger firm due to a MA means more access to capital market, which would in the future lead to a lesser cost of capital, i.e., benefits of more financial options; and (4) A firm with superior management skill might also look at MA with an anticipation of higher gains through the target organizations business. One the whole, the researcher quite clearly shows how all the three authors noted above have concurred on the fact that any MA is driven by not one but many complex motives. And all these are not at all similar in any form and would always vary from deal to deal which can never be justified with a single theory/approach. Merger acquisition motives (adapted from Trautwein, 1990 and Cox, 2006) Motives Theory Description Rational Choice MA MA Benefitting Acquirers Shareholders Gaining Based on synergy Efficiency Theory The three major synergies Financial, Managerial and Operational are achieved when MA is executed. Transfer of Wealth from customers Monopoly theory Market power is seized by planning and executing MA. Horizontal Conglomerate MA types wherein the acquiring firm takes control of the industry on the whole. Transfer of Wealth from targets shareholders Raider theory A person who oversees and initiates wealth transfers from the stockholders of the companies he bids for exchange of excessive compensation after a successful takeover is called a Raider. Gaining based on private information Valuation Theory/ Investment Theory This kind of MA is normally planned and executed by managers who have in-depth knowledge about the market of the target company. MA Benefitting Managers Empire- building theory/ Agency theory Instead of increasing the shareholders value, MA is planned and executed to maximize the Managers own utility. Process Outcome MA Process theory MAs are executed as an outcome of another process as per this theory. These processes can be internal or external to the organization. Macro-Economic Phenomenon MA Disturbance theory The MA which is triggered by virtue of an economic disturbance forms the Disturbance theory. These are normally those MAs which are not that successful when it comes to long term as they are a result of an economic imbalance. The successful Acquisition-Integration strategy of General Electric Company A Preview: The case study that has been taken for this research is that of General Electric Company, a name which has been very successful in Mergers Acquisitions mostly due to its strategy techniques. The most successful strategy as far as GE is concerned is the Wheel of Fortune: The Pathfinder model of GE capital. The whole cycle of the integration of both companies as a single entity involves a lot of involvement from both the sides. The most discussed acquisition-integration process is that of the GE Capital Services Wheel of Fortune model coded as the Pathfinder Model. This model is now well established and has been successfully implemented by GE in all its acquisitions. This model consists of four main stages called Action Stages viz. Pre-Acquisition, Foundation Building, Rapid Integration and Assimilation. It starts from when the deal is initiated to the stage where the integration is completed. The four stages are further divided into two or three more processes within each stage. The Pre-Acquisition stage has processes like Due Diligence, Negotiation and Announcement, Closing and Signing off of Deal. The Foundation Building stage consists of the launch of the integration, the acquisition -integration workout and the strategy formulation. The Rapid Integration consists of two processes Implementation of strategy and Course Assessment and Adjustment. The last and final stage is Assimilation wherein you have the long-term evaluation and Adjustment and then the Capitalization of the success of the integration of both organizations. Also in each action stage several best practises which are more specific and practical to help the managers to support the integration process. WOF-GE.jpg The Wheel of Fortune: The Pathfinder Model This model clearly shows that the acquisition integration is in itself an art which can be also a science when it comes to principles followed by this model. A particular sequence of actions which are leveraged according to the requirement of the acquisition-integration process is clearly defined in the Pathfinder model, most of which are more unique in nature.  The model is shown with such representation that it does not eliminate the need for managers to improvise for the integration process but it however prevents this improvisation to become a centre point in the integration process. This is the model that has been successfully implemented by GE time and again and has always paid them rich dividends when it comes to both organization and staff integration, which is very important for the integrated organization to thrive in the current market situation. Conclusion: In the above chapter the researcher has given the insights on the current scenario with regard to the Mergers Acquisitions. The researcher also ventures into the different theories with regard to Mergers and Acquisitions and explains with the help of necessary literature the concepts surrounding these theories. Also the researcher identifies the various scenarios in which these theories are to be used in a merger or acquisition. The researcher further gives information about the reason why GE has been chosen for this research as a case study by emphasising the fact that most of the acquisitions that have been executed by GE have been successful. The Pathfinder model being followed by GE is explained by the researcher, giving a summary of the acquisition-integration process which has helped GE in smoothening of all acquisitions handled by GE. On the whole this chapter deals with various literatures that detailing the MA processes and gives the researcher a strong idea about the Resea rch Methodology to be followed for conducting this research successfully.

Abortion :: essays research papers

Extreme conservatives would have abortion made illegal. If we outlaw abortion it would not stop women from having them   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"A Defense of Abortion† Judith Thomson does a good job of poking holes in the extreme conservative argument, she is a moderate liberal. Even though she is defending abortion she states there are still times when it is impermissible. . Her first analogy she compares a growing fetus to a famous violinist who has unknowingly been attached to a person’s circulatory system. Is the person morally responsible to remained attached to the violinist? Thomson says no, because the person was kidnapped and they didn’t volunteer for the violinist to be attached. Thomson states â€Å"it would be very nice of you if you did, a great kindness†. I agree with Thompson here no one should be forced to have a stranger plugged into them unknowingly for nine months. A growing fetus inside a woman is hardly a stranger to her it is her own flesh and blood. Secondly, a fetus is not unknowingly plugged into a woman Except for in the cases of rape no one wa s kidnapped or forced to have sex. When people have sex there is always a risk that the woman might get pregnant. I agree a woman has a right to her body but, I disagree with Thompson’s analogy of a violinist to a fetus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She then speaks on the right to life, some say it is the right to not to be killed she says it is the right not to be killed unjustly. So when you unplug yourself from the violinist you are taking away his right to life. Thomson says you are not because you are not killing him unjustly. I agree, it is not your place to keeps   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extreme Conservatives would say that an abortion even to save the mother’s life would be impermissible. They have an equal right to life and an abortion would be killing the baby, and doing nothing would be letting the mother die. Thomson does an excellent job of arguing against the conservative point of view with the analogy of the rapidly growing child in a tiny house. Thomson asks us to suppose we are in a tiny house with a child who is growing rapidly and is going to crush us and he will simply bust out of the house and walk off unscratched.